Deaths from HIV, tuberculosis and malaria could surge in poor and middle-income countries as already weak health systems grapple with severe disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a predictive study published on Monday.
Over the next five years, deaths from the three diseases could rise by as much as 10 percent, 20 percent and 36 percent respectively – putting the mortality impact on a scale similar to the direct impact of the coronavirus pandemic itself, the modeling study found.
“In countries with a high malaria burden and large HIV and TB epidemics, even short-term disruptions could have devastating consequences for the millions of people who depend on programs to control and treat these diseases,” said Timothy Hallett, a professor at Imperial College London who coled the work.
He said the knock-on impact of COVID-19 could undo some of the significant progress against these diseases made over the past two decades, “compounding the burden caused by the pandemic directly.” But the risks could be mitigated, Hallett said, if countries strive to maintain core health services and deploy preventative measures against infections.
Published in the Lancet Global Health journal, the study, which used disease-modeling projections to map out possible COVID-19 pandemic scenarios, found that the greatest impact on HIV would be from interruption to supplies of the antiretroviral AIDS drugs taken by many patients to keep the disease in check.
The United Nations AIDS agency and the World Health Organization warned on July 6 of such stock shortages, with more than a third of the world’s countries already saying they are at risk of running out of antiretrovirals.
With malaria, the study found the largest impact would be due to disrupted distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets, which protect millions of people from becoming infected by malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
In 2019, there were 38.0 million people living with HIV, and 81 percent of all people living with HIV knew their HIV status. About 7.1 million people did not know that they were living with HIV, according to Global HIV & AIDS statistics – 2020 fact sheet, released by UNAIDS.
Seven million people receive record levels of lifesaving TB treatment but 3 million still miss out, a WHO report said in October 2019.
In 2018, an estimated 228 million cases of malaria occurred, WHO said.
